Using Modified-Intake Plasma-Enhanced Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition System to Grow Gallium Doped Zinc Oxide.

We have used a modified-intake plasma-enhanced metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MIPEMOCVD) system to fabricate gallium-doped zinc oxide (GZO) thin films with varied Ga content. The MIPEMOCVD system contains a modified intake system of a mixed tank and a spraying terminal to deliver the metal-organic (MO) precursors and a radio-frequency (RF) system parallel to the substrate normal, which can achieve a uniform distribution of organic precursors in the reaction chamber and reduce the bombardment damage. We examined the substitute and interstitial mechanisms of Ga atoms in zinc oxide (ZnO) matrix in MIPEMOCVD-grown GZO thin films through crystalline analyses and Hall measurements. The optimal Ga content of MIPEMOCVD-grown GZO thin film is 3.01 at%, which shows the highest conductivity and transmittance. Finally, the optimal MIPEMOCVD-grown GZO thin film was applied to n-ZnO/p-GaN LED as a window layer. As compared with the indium-tin-oxide (ITO) window layer, the n-ZnO/p-GaN LED with the MIPEMOCVD-grown GZO window layer of the rougher surface and higher transmittance at near UV range exhibits an enhanced light output power owing to the improved light extraction efficiency (LEE).

Cytotoxicity and cellular imaging of quantum dots protected by polyelectrolyte.

The nanocomposites of poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) (i.e. QDs-PDADMAC nanocomposites) have been prepared based on electrostatic interaction and their fluorescence stability in aqueous solution has been investigated. MTT method (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method) was used to study their cytotoxicity and A549 lung cancer cell as a model cell was also used to evaluate their cellular imaging. It was shown that the fluorescence stability of QDs-PDADMAC nanocomposites was much better than that of bare QDs both in aqueous solution and cell. Meanwhile, QDs-PDADMAC nanocomposites display very low cytotoxicity in the low concentrations and better staining ability compared with QDs. QDs-PDADMAC nanocomposites will have great advantage on the cell analysis detection and imaging.

[Investigation on spectrum of B 2sigma(+)-X 2sigma+ and C 2pi(r)-X 2sigma+ bands of AlO radical in shock tube].

There are some impurities such as aluminum dioxide adhering on the shock tube wall due to the ablating and heating of the aluminum diaphragm by high temperature gas. Under high temperature, the collision of AlO radicals with the gaseous molecules leads to transition of the electronic states and production of strong radiation, which disturb the analysis of radiation spectrum of heated gases in shock tube. In the authors' experiments, the air in the test section with adhering aluminum dioxide was heated to some 4 000-7 000 K, the spectrum of AlO radical was obvious in the range of 460-530 nm, which corresponds to B 2sigma(+)-X 2sigma+ (T00 = 20 689 cm(-1) band. There were several band heads for this band, the interval of neighbor heads was some 2 nm, and all the band heads were with the shortest wavelength. The characteristics of B 2sigma(+)-X 2sigma+ band were explored in experiment and by theory. In addition, the spectrum of C 2pi(r)-X 2sigma+ (T00 = 33 047 cm(-1)) band was also investigated. The corresponding strength was lower than that of B 2sigma(+) -X 2sigma+ band, and the wavelength range of this band was some 270-335 nm where the radiation of A 2sigma(+) -X 2pi (T00 = 32 682 cm(-1)) band of OH radical also existed. This occurrence of the two bands in the same wavelength range is disadvantageous for the spectrum analysis.